Marketing - past, present and future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Showcasing - past, present and future - Essay Example The destinations, objectives and focuses of promoting must be checked and met. The contender procedures must be assessed, evaluated and surpassed. It is just through the compelling utilization of market and its exploration that an association can recognize its customer’s needs and needs and attempt to convey the worth its client needs .It is significant for the association to guarantee that its clients are fulfilled. Advertising utilizes the procedure of trade to give the clients the worth they want on their items and administrations. Trade exchange requires the client to trade esteem (cash) for the item or administrations that totally fulfill their necessities. Plainly, the more noteworthy the advantage gave the higher value-based worth an association can charge. It is in this manner the procedure by which organizations make client enthusiasm for their products or administrations. As an action showcasing can just happen where there is a market. It alludes to the action through which trades are attempted. Promoting can be seen as a social and administrative procedure through which the clients get what they need. They do it through the way toward making, offering and trading results of significant worth for cash. Promoting can be considered as a capacity; It is a way of thinking that affects the general dealings of an association with the commercial center. (David M. Reid. (1980). 19-23.) (Rick Wise, Niren Sirohi. (2005).8-13.) The requirement for promoting rose because of the expanding needs, needs and requests of the clients. Needs are an essential prerequisite for human endurance, while needs are the particular methods by which individuals’ fulfill their necessities. The term, esteem is one of the most significant thoughts in showcasing. It is the distinction between the all out expenses of making a buy and the absolute advantages got. To put it plainly, it represents both, the advantages that a client gets by making a buy and furthermore the costs it brings about in the process ( both the cash cost and

Challenges In Marketing Consumer Behaviours- MyAssignment Help!

Questions: 1. The key difficulties that organizations looking in twenty-first-century to arriving at their buyers? 2. The activities that an advertiser need to take to guarantee that they are alluring to customers? Answers: Presentation This report contains the subtleties of what difficulties organizations looking in the twenty-first century and how to settle them and how they can guarantee that they are appealing to the shoppers. The center segment of the report depicts the value assurance of an item for independent company and the last piece of these report shows how the shops are occupied with a fruition to fulfill their client. As per a classification of items a rundown show how the distinctive shop offering administrations to their clients and how their enrichment and perspectives make shopping a delight as opposed to feeling pestered. 1. The key difficulties that organizations looking in twenty-first-century to arriving at their customers: In this century organizations confronting numerous issues to arriving at their customers, here the key difficulties are talked about beneath Capital: The fundamental key test is capital or the budgetary quality of the organizations. In this century, the primary concern that each organization needs to arrive at their customers is capital or cash. Numerous organizations neglected to apply their arranged techniques to arrive at their purchasers because of absence of cash or budgetary force. Ex: Diary organizations confronting this issue because of their absence of capital (Blinov, 2015). Absence of information or aptitudes: Because of absence of information or abilities, the organizations neglected to discover the requirements of the customers. To arrive at the purchasers organizations ought to have the information about requirements of customers and the monetary status of the market. Ex: Lack of information about the customers need the Microsoft Company neglects to arrive at buyers in their cell phone business (Biederman, 2013). Time: Time is approached to cash and this is valid. Time is basic for the organizations to deal with their time brilliantly. To design each occasion ahead of time and guarantee that everything will be done on time it is significant for accomplishing the business objective. Ex: In angling business the organizations have confronting this issue cause they are managing an item which has the toughness for not many hours. Absence of heading and arranging: This issue emerges in view of not making an itemized field-tested strategy. The organizations are eager to setting up their own business that they neglected to make a legitimate arrangement for arriving at the purchasers. Ex: New little new businesses confronting this issue (Blinov, 2015). Data and Data: To arrive at the shoppers organizations need to create the item or serve the administrations according to buyers decision or necessities. To comprehend the necessities and decisions of the buyer, the organizations must have the data of the current market need or needs of the purchasers and the showcasing information of the item organization managing. Ex: The little organizations confronted this issue because of the little set up and the absence of the sources which are very costly. Out of the previously mentioned issues organizations confronting a lot more issues to reach to their shoppers like poor promoting plan, poor structure of organization, absence of talented laborers and so on (Costa, 2001) 2. The activities that an advertiser need to take to guarantee that they are alluring to purchasers. To guarantee that organization are alluring advertisers need do a few systems or need to follow some procedure like creation new business approaches, tackle the budgetary issue by making some reasonable arrangement for business or finding a money related source. From the start, the advertisers need to gather the data about the customers needs and decisions. At that point the advertisers will have the option to reach to shoppers by satisfying their needs and needs. Advertisers need to promote their items with the goal that customers can think about the items and its great side. At that point the customers will purchase the item. Without thinking about the item, shoppers can't accepting the item (Danes and Mullikin, 2012). Advertisers need to improve the bundling of the item and make the front of the item progressively alluring by utilizing vivid covers and including a snappy line. This will pull in the buyers and make a special case of the item in the market. Advertisers can sell their items with the base benefit for a while in which customers began to purchase the item due to the low cost of the result of a similar classification. Assurance of the cost of the result of an independent company: The independent companies consistently face a typical issue which is an assurance of the cost of the item. To decide the cost of the item the firm initially need to gather the information of the comparative items. Information prefers what number of comparable items are accessible in the market and what number of items are accessible in a similar market where the item will be a deal. The result of same classifications costs how much in the market and what number of items are accessible available in a similar cost. What number of opponent firms are available in the market with a similar kind of item (Gerson, 2005). For decide the cost of item firm need to think about the cost of same sorts of items accessible in the market. The firm needs to charge a comparative cost for other comparative items accessible in a similar market in any case shoppers won't accepting the item because of the more significant expense of the item (Haley, 2012). In the hour of value assurance of an item, the firm ought to think about the class of the focused on purchasers. They are a rich or white collar class or poor from the money related point. In the event that the focused on buyers are rich, at that point the organization can fix a more significant expense for the item however in the event that most of the focused on buyers have a place from the working class or from the poor class at that point firm need to fix a lower cost for the item. At the hour of fixing the cost of an item a little firm ought to think about the separation to the market from the creation territory on the off chance that the two spots are in a huge separation, at that point the firm need to hold up under more carriage to send the items to the market and this will expand the expense of the item and in the event that firm needs to manage a less carriage, at that point they can fix a lower cost for the item. In the hour of setting a cost of the item, the firm needs to charge a cost including a typical benefit. Typical benefit assists with expanding the offer of the item. By winning a the ordinary benefit an independent company can run a long haul business(Hill and Power, 2013) To charge a cost for the item the firm ought to consider the buying intensity of the buyers and the amount they can buy. In the event that the buying intensity of the customers is high, at that point the item will the firm have the option to sell more items. Likewise, on the off chance that the buying intensity of purchasers is high, at that point firm effectively set a more significant expense for the item they need to sell in the market. On the off chance that the administration previously fixed a cost for the-the kind of item firm creating then firm ought to keep up that valuing level. The firm can't fix a cost over the legislature referenced value level in any case the administration will boycott the offer of that item. In the hour of value assurance of an item firm additionally think about the interest for the item. On the off chance that the interest for the item is higher than the flexibly, at that point a firm can fix a more significant expense for the item (KhaderMoh et.al., 2013) On last Sunday visited the ABC Shopping Center and visited quantities of material shops. There have such a significant number of garments shops like Debenhams, River Island, Marks and Spencer, Lee and some more (Nnamseh, 2015). First I entered in River Island shop and get a decent greeting from a businessperson. A major banner of 40% deal on fresh introductions draws in my vision first and I began to discover fresh debuts. A businessperson came I solicited me what kind from garments I like and gave me the insights regarding the fresh introductions. The shop was all around designed with various shades of lights. From that point purchased a shirt at 40% limit and get an extra markdown for being the 100th number of client of the day and this additional a little grin all over. From that point forward, I found a shop vivid and clean named Debenhams. I was astounded at their enrichment. One retailer invites me and got some information about my decisions and demonstrated me an inventory. Th is shop has a few kinds of pants, coat, full sleeve shirts, and another sort of pants. They are offering a shirt completely liberated from cost with the acquisition of two jeans. A businessperson helped me to pick the shading which suits me more. All retailers were fashionable and their conduct was so delicate. From that point I profited their Buy 2 Get One free offer. After that I entered in Marks and Spencer, there everybody was sharp looking (Raustiala and Sprigman, 2012). This shop was additionally pleasantly brightened. In the wake of entering the shop get a greeting by their businessperson. This shop was loaded up with assortments of garments in each class. They have an alternate area for various classifications. The shop was extremely spotless and decent music was relieving the earth of the shop (Scarborough, 2014). A businessperson demonstrated me the distinctive kind of coats. This store has advanced list board where you can look for changed sorts of garments of various bra nds. They were offering half off on garments of Autograph brand, 45% on Indigo Collection and offering 30% on Best of British. There was a proposal of Buy@1 Get@1 Free on an assortment of Twiggy (Schenck, 2012). That shop giving an extra 5% rebate for their card holders. The businessperson helped me to gather the dresses which I chose from the computerized list, their method of talking and non-verbal communication was extremely delicate. I purchased a dress from that shop and they skilled me a pen with my dress. Which three shops I visited on last Sunday they all were exceptionally quite every shop was very much brightened. In any case, among them, I like the shop of Marks and Spencer most for their great design on each area. Their retailers were sharp looking thus delicate in dealing with their clients additionally their computerized index framework causes me to discover my decisions of garments from an enormous n

Network Degn Essay Example For Students

System Degn Essay 1.2.Strategic Recommendation31.3.Implementation Consideration31.4.Benefits of the Solution43.1.Proposed Network Topology63.2.Hardware and Media Recommendation for the LAN63.3.Hardware and Media Recommendation for the WAN73.4.Network Layer Addressing and Naming Model83.5.Routing and Bridging Protocols Recommendation for the 3.6.Software Features Provisioned for the Network93.7.Network Management Strategy104.1.Benefits of Working with Cisco Systems114.2.Benefits of Working with CD-INC115.1.1.1.2.PH Network Service Corporation135.1.1.1.5.Goals for the New Network145.2.1.3.Naming and Addressing Convention175.3.1.Cisco Device Description18PH Network Service Corporation (PH) mentioned that CD-INC to give a system structure and usage answer for associate four Hospitals and 120 specialist workplaces. PH Network Service Corporation targets are to: Improve correspondence move of the referralsProvide excess for WAN connectionNetwork four emergency clinics and specialist officesImprove unwaverin g quality and speed of the referralsProvide a proposal for a potential back-up association with the medical clinics. Convenient access to data between the clinics and the specialist workplaces is basic to tolerant consideration. The Network must be solid, secure, and empower the specialists to get to this framework remotely from their workplaces with a remote access association (RAS). Compact disc INC will plan and actualize whole arrangement. After the system is introduced and working appropriately PH Network Solution will dominate and give their every day administrations to clinics and specialists workplaces. Compact disc INC will give preparing to introduced hardware. The arrangement structured by CD-INC will give the accompanying benefits:Two of their workers will be collaborators in period of creating arrangement (training)One of their representatives will be engaged with period of implementationTraining of PH staff for new introduced equipmentImproved correspondence move of the referralsNetworking of the four clinics and specialist officesImproved dependability and speed of the referral systemA recommended association for back-up medical clinic WAN linkThe organize must be based on a constrained spending plan. Must be versatile for future WAN associations. The system must work with the servers on the system. The information must be promptly accessible. Table A show the Application on the Network. Name and Type of ApplicationProtocols# of users# of Host/ServersPeak long periods of usageAutomated referral systemTCP/IP12018-12am/1-5pmHospital Patient RecordsAsync-48-12am/1-5pmPatient Records from Doctor OfficesTelnet-48-12am/1-5pmThe ISDN associations give sufficient data transmission to help the requirements of the Doctors workplaces interfacing with the medical clinics. This likewise implies arrangements must be taken to guarantee more associations can be included when vital. An ISDN association ought to likewise be considered for the medical clinic as a back-up association with the referral framework. There are data transmission contemplations for the Windows 2000 SQL 2000 servers utilizing a Microsoft Access front end and 2400 referrals being made every day (48000 Packets). Figure A Data Flow of a Referral Request. Equipment and Media Recommended for the PH LAN100-Mbps associations between the switch and the servers10-Mbps between the switch and the end stationsSoftware move up to Enterprise Edition4 models with 24 10BaseT ports, two spaces, and decision of 2K or 8K MAC address cacheChoice of 11 rapid modules bolster 100BaseT, FDDI, and ATMFull-duplex procedure on all portsWeb-based system interface empowers design and the executives structure any customer on the Internet with an internet browser. Clog control highlights including IEEE 802.3x-based stream control, and back weight put together stream control with respect to 10BaseT portsHardware and Media Recommended for the WANThe Cisco 3620 switch at the PH Head officeNM-1E One-port Ethernet arrange module. ISDN and Channeled Serial Network Modules NM-1CT1 One-port directed 1/ISDN PRI organize moduleFrame Relay bolstered by a 8-port T1 IMA arrange interfaceThe Cisco 1004 switch at the specialists officesOne ISDN BRI WAN port (RJ-45), with a coordinated NT1 deviceThe Cisco 2611 switch at the HospitalsISDN and Channeled Serial Network Modules NM-1CT1 One-port diverted 1/ISDN PRI arrange moduleNetwork Addressing and Naming ConventionFigure C Network Addressing and Naming ConventionThe Hospitals have given two Network addresses (202.12.27.0 202.12.28.0). The Network 202.12.27.0 was accommodated the two WAN associations. This system will be sub-gotten with a 26 piece sub-net cover to make a sub-system of 202.12.27.64/26 for the edge transfer WAN and 202.12.27.128 for the ISDN WAN. The Network 202.12.28.0 has been given to PH for interior use on their LAN with a 24 piece sub-net cover. Table B Device List and Network AddressingDeviceNameLocation# RequiredDevice AddressPortAddressCatalyst 2828PH_SW_1PH LAN3202.12.28.424 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24PH_SW_1202.12.28.524 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24PH_SW_1202.12.28.624 Ethernet ports202.12.28.11-254/24Windows 2000 AS/SQL Server 2000PH_SER_1PH LAN2202.12.28.7HOS_RO_2S0202.12.27.12.131-134/26Cisco 1004DRO_RO_#Dr. Offices?Dynamic sequential addressingThe basic program running at all areas is the patient referral framework and it is IP based so steering it's anything but an issue. The NT names don't should be steered. We suggest that OSPF (an open standard upheld by all significant system sellers) be utilized as the steering convention to help a multi-merchant condition. Extra security perhaps required too ensure the touchy data being sent despite the fact that both WAN systems an inalienable measure of security worked in. Executing a full security arrangement would be over the top expensive particularly on the ISDN Network. The most savvy arrangement would be to:1.Place a layer2 encryption convention, (for example, Ciscos Encryption Services) on the Frame Relay Network and an application layer encryption convention on the ISDN Network. 2.Put all the LANs behind DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) utilizing PIX firewalls. The system ought to be anything but difficult to oversee contingent upon the quantity of specialists office that need their switches kept up. ABC could deal with the system if necessary or Network Management instruments that the lesser overseer is alright with could be introduced. Advantages of working with Cisco systems**Cisco Systems, Inc. is the overall head in systems administration for the Internet. Cisco switches bend the reason for more than 80 percent of the Internet framework, and Cisco supplies 60 percent of the entrance arrangements utilized by organizations to give availability to remote clients and associate with the Internet. Also, Cisco, the creator of exchanged Ethernet and Fast Ethernet todays most famous elite LAN innovations drives the route in giving reasonable, superior LAN arrangements. Ciscos arrangements planned assist you with augmenting your business potential and cost-adequately meet your extending organizing prerequisites. These arrangements influence Ciscos huge systems administration experience, creative advances, extraordinary assistance, and excellent items, and they assist associations with making the progress that stretch out past the principle office to numerous workplaces, portable clients remote workers, and to the Internet. These arrangements give organize supervisors the devices they expected to assemble systems that are versatile, adaptable, and incredible enough to deal with the difficulties todays organizing condition. Cisco items incorporate a wide scope of elite LAN items, for example, 100BaseT center points and Ethernet switches, switches, dial get to servers, and system the executives programming arrangements. These items depend on the Cisco IOS innovations a coordinated of system benefits that gives the local knowledge to more than 1 million introduced Cisco units and involves a necessary piece of the results of numerous worldwide accomplices. All Cisco items give quality, dependability, organize security, and interoperability dependent on industry principles Headquartered in San Jose, California, Cisco utilizes in excess of 12,000 individuals in more than 125 overall areas. The companys stock is exchanged over the counter on the Nasdaq National Market under the image CSCO. ** Cisco Network Design altered by Diane Teare distributed by Cisco PressCD-INC Company spends significant time in the board, advancement, usage and counseling organizing answers for over xx years. Cd INC will give the structure and the item arrangement that will meet 100% of the PH Network Solution necessities and be in the necessary financial plan. The whole framework will meet PH Network demand for repetition on the medical clinics sides. Items that are chosen will accommodate whole system the best execution and quality accessible. Mr. Pero of PH Network is answerable for refreshing the system to utilize new advancements. PH Network is joint endeavor between the New Life medical clinic framework and 750 doctors in the network served by New Life. The organization was framed to improve understanding assistance by the emergency clinic framework and doctors, and to give influence when arranging oversaw care wellbeing plan organizations. One issue region and cost for the specialists is the expert referral approval framework. The specialists must get approved referrals for authority administration for their patients before the oversaw care wellbeing plans will take care of the expense for the patient. PH Network has haggled with various wellbeing intends to assume the danger of these referrals in return for a greater amount of the premium. PH has discovered that this situation will bode well on the off chance that it can actualize a robotized referral framework. Mr. Pero has demonstrated that referrals are almost constantly made during ordinary available time of 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. furthermore, 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The organization keeps up a 56kbps rented line association with the emergency clinic offices, in addition to a dial-up terminal association with a portion of the bigger specialist workplaces for access to the medical clinics quiet records. Both direct terminal access and Telnet get to are accessible on the medical clinic has. There are

The Grand Canyon Research Paper - 1925 Words

Grand Canyon (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Grand CanyonInsert Name:Institution:AbstractThe Grand Canyon is an extensive natural rift that is located in the Arizona desert. It hosts various communities including Euro Americans, different cultures of Native Americans and the millions of international tourists who visit the area every year. The Grand Canyon also hosts various wildlife including the endangered fish, humpback chub and the Californian wild vulture called the Condor. The Grand Canyon has positively and negatively impacted the lives of both the people and the animals living in its proximity. This has been due to the rapid changes in the structures of the soil, changes in temperature, increased tourism and the legislation that saw the Grand Canyon become a national park. The presence of the Grand Canyon has impacted the settling of the communities that live in the environs. In addition, the establishment of the Canyon as a tourist attraction has improved the quality of life for most residents by pr oviding them with employment opportunities and better transport facilitating trade ventures within the community and to the outside world. The millions of tourists who visit the area every year have promoted these trade ventures and also earn the state the much needed revenue that is used for funding other development projects. The Grand Canyon is not only a natural wonder of the world, but it also has a defining impact on the people and animal life living in its proximity. The Grand Canyon is a geographical feature that is speculated to have resulted from a number of processes. Of these processes, geologists attribute the most significant to have been water and wind erosion. Water is thought to have caused most of the erosion. In addition to the erosion, other forces like volcanism, the trend of the Colorado River and continental drift are thought to have played a significant role in the formation of the Grand Canyon (Garton, 2002).The Grand Canyon is located in an arid area. The soil on the top is baked by the sun into a hard cracked crust and because it is very dry and hard, it does not absorb water as it should even when it rains. When it rains the rain is not moderate and is often torrential. The impact of the torrential rain is that it flows very fast and does not allow percolation into the ground (Pyne, 1998). The plants that flourish in the Grand Canyon are shallow rooted to allow them as much access to the surface run off as possible. This translates in to increased erosion by water and wind because shallow roots do not hold the soil layers in place. Flash floods are usually evident at the grand canyon due to these increased erosions and the torrential downpours. The Grand Canyon is a tourist attraction and many people travel from all over to see it and hike. The vehicles are usually left at the bottom for all the hikers. These flash floods are usually a risk not only for the vehicles but also for the hikers. As a result weather conditions are usuall y monitored keenly by all who visit the Grand Canyon to avoid these flash floods (Levy, 1995).The stability of human life on the plant earth and the specific quality of life afforded to the human species is determined by the distribution of the different landforms in the environment. This is because landforms impact the regional climate, the food supply, and the resultant natural resources. The Grand Canyon is a tourist feature with many people flooding in to the region to see it. The formation of a game park and then a game reserve around it ensures that it is preserved from further damage. The federal government took up the Grand Canyon and established it as a game reserve. They have since faced many problems including the extinction and the reintroduction of the Californian Condor which is a wild vulture. There have also been issues that have arisen due to high noise levels form the aircrafts which tend to discourage the residents living near the Grand Canyon and the tourists who plan to tour the Canyon. There was a great controversy between the Grand Canyon managers and a nearby power plant over the intensity of pollution in the region (Pyne, 1998). The power plant which is a coal burning power generating plant is located near the Grand Canyon and this led to fewer tourists visiting the area. In 1991 the two reached an agreement and the power plant implemented several measures to curb air pollution from their industry (Garton, 2002).The federal government administrators induced a flood in the Grand Canyon in 2008 with the intention of allowing water absorption and permanently changing the ecosystem which was interfered with when the Glen canyon dam was constructed in 1963 to prevent flooding in the region (Levy, 1995).The climate in the Grand Canyon is similar to that in the surrounding environment and the whole area is generally dry with high temperatures. Rain only occurs twice in a year in winter as moderate rain and there is deep snow. In the summer, t he rain brings monsoon thunderstorms caused by the extreme high temperatures. The average rainfall for the south is les than 35cms while the snow reaches 132 cm. In the higher northern end, rainfall is less than 59cm and the snow averages 317 cm. The shallower northern rim however rarely snows and the rain is low averaging 17.6 cm. Temperatures seem to vary in the Grand Canyon extensively from -17C during the winter seasons to highs of around 38C during the summer. These extreme conditions make the area potentially unwelcoming to visitors who at times call off their hikes before time due to hypothermia during winter and dehydration and sunburns during the summer season. The weather is generally unpredictable and even in the vent of getting accurate predictions the weather forecast is still unreliable for this region (Price, 1999).The area has been economically uplifted due to the value of the Grand Canyon as a unique, natural tourist attraction. The Grand Canyon National Park is one of the premier natural attractions all over the world receiving more than five million tourists every year. Most of these tourists are domestic with more than 80% coming from the different states in the United States and more than 12% coming from the neighboring California. Some of the tourists come from other foreign nations like United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada, Japan and Netherlands. Most of the tourists visiting the area view it as a travel expedition because of the location of the Grand Canyon. Most of them come for sightseeing but there are also additional activities which they can engage in the area. Hiking along the Grand Canyon and running are also favorites among the tourists who visit the area. The tourists are however cautioned against running and hiking too much due to the steep rocks and the danger of heat exhaustion (Annerino, 2006). They are advised to spend the night in the specially established camping grounds and take up the hikes or run the following day so a s to allow the body to recover from the physical exertion. Due to the varying weather conditions, not all these camping grounds are accessible throughout the year. The camping grounds that have been established along the higher northern end are generally inaccessible due to road closures as a result of poor weather conditions. Tourists who can afford it also have the option of viewing the Grand Canyon through privately chartered planes and helicopters. They can only view the Grand Canyon from far due to the plane accidents in 1990.Some helicopters may however choose to land on the less restricted India reservations that fall within the Canyon (Annerino, 2006).More than six hundred people have died since the Grand Canyon became a tourist attraction. Many hikers have overestimated their physical capabilities and ended up being involved in fatal accidents, health complications including hypothermia, heart attacks, and dehydration. Other deaths result from plain collisions within the canyon and over zealous photographers. There are other fatalities that have resulted from lighting, flash floods, drowning and rock falls (Bauer Wallace, 2008).There are many communities living within the canyon. They are under the constant threats of flash flooding and temperature extremities. In August, 2008 the government had to evacuate tourists and residents of Supai which is a residential town at the foot of the Grand Canyon, as a result of heavy rainfall. Residents had to be evacuated due to a break in the Redland dam which is constructed upstream of the town (Price, 1999). Native Americans communities have been living in the Grand Canyon and in the environs that are now part of the Grand Canyon Reserve, for more than four thousand years. The Anasazi, the Cohonina and the Puebleoans cultures in the Native American communities were shaped as basket makers in the desert cultures that constituted a group of Native Americans. It was only after migrating and adapting less nomadic trends that they became dependent on agriculture as their main socio economic activity. Other cultures also settled in the Grand Canyon but archaeologists predict that climatic changes and the 13th century drought triggered their migration to other places and triggered a change in their cultures. Later the Paiutes, the Cerbat and the Navajo or Dine cultures settled extensively in the Grand Canyon but were forced in to reservations in 1882 due to the Indian wars. They were restricted in reservations within the Canyon by the US government after the declaration of Independence and are still in the region. The Havasupai and Hualapai, who are Native Americans that still occupy the region, are descendants of the Cerbat cultures (Bauer Wallace, 2008).In the late 19th century a geologist team discovered the potential of the region in terms of the unexploited mineral resources that constituted copper and asbestos. Many of the current settl... The Grand Canyon Research Paper - 1925 Words Grand Canyon (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Grand CanyonInsert Name:Institution:AbstractThe Grand Canyon is an extensive natural rift that is located in the Arizona desert. It hosts various communities including Euro Americans, different cultures of Native Americans and the millions of international tourists who visit the area every year. The Grand Canyon also hosts various wildlife including the endangered fish, humpback chub and the Californian wild vulture called the Condor. The Grand Canyon has positively and negatively impacted the lives of both the people and the animals living in its proximity. This has been due to the rapid changes in the structures of the soil, changes in temperature, increased tourism and the legislation that saw the Grand Canyon become a national park. The presence of the Grand Canyon has impacted the settling of the communities that live in the environs. In addition, the establishment of the Canyon as a tourist attraction has improved the quality of life for most residents by pr oviding them with employment opportunities and better transport facilitating trade ventures within the community and to the outside world. The millions of tourists who visit the area every year have promoted these trade ventures and also earn the state the much needed revenue that is used for funding other development projects. The Grand Canyon is not only a natural wonder of the world, but it also has a defining impact on the people and animal life living in its proximity. The Grand Canyon is a geographical feature that is speculated to have resulted from a number of processes. Of these processes, geologists attribute the most significant to have been water and wind erosion. Water is thought to have caused most of the erosion. In addition to the erosion, other forces like volcanism, the trend of the Colorado River and continental drift are thought to have played a significant role in the formation of the Grand Canyon (Garton, 2002).The Grand Canyon is located in an arid area. The soil on the top is baked by the sun into a hard cracked crust and because it is very dry and hard, it does not absorb water as it should even when it rains. When it rains the rain is not moderate and is often torrential. The impact of the torrential rain is that it flows very fast and does not allow percolation into the ground (Pyne, 1998). The plants that flourish in the Grand Canyon are shallow rooted to allow them as much access to the surface run off as possible. This translates in to increased erosion by water and wind because shallow roots do not hold the soil layers in place. Flash floods are usually evident at the grand canyon due to these increased erosions and the torrential downpours. The Grand Canyon is a tourist attraction and many people travel from all over to see it and hike. The vehicles are usually left at the bottom for all the hikers. These flash floods are usually a risk not only for the vehicles but also for the hikers. As a result weather conditions are usuall y monitored keenly by all who visit the Grand Canyon to avoid these flash floods (Levy, 1995).The stability of human life on the plant earth and the specific quality of life afforded to the human species is determined by the distribution of the different landforms in the environment. This is because landforms impact the regional climate, the food supply, and the resultant natural resources. The Grand Canyon is a tourist feature with many people flooding in to the region to see it. The formation of a game park and then a game reserve around it ensures that it is preserved from further damage. The federal government took up the Grand Canyon and established it as a game reserve. They have since faced many problems including the extinction and the reintroduction of the Californian Condor which is a wild vulture. There have also been issues that have arisen due to high noise levels form the aircrafts which tend to discourage the residents living near the Grand Canyon and the tourists who plan to tour the Canyon. There was a great controversy between the Grand Canyon managers and a nearby power plant over the intensity of pollution in the region (Pyne, 1998). The power plant which is a coal burning power generating plant is located near the Grand Canyon and this led to fewer tourists visiting the area. In 1991 the two reached an agreement and the power plant implemented several measures to curb air pollution from their industry (Garton, 2002).The federal government administrators induced a flood in the Grand Canyon in 2008 with the intention of allowing water absorption and permanently changing the ecosystem which was interfered with when the Glen canyon dam was constructed in 1963 to prevent flooding in the region (Levy, 1995).The climate in the Grand Canyon is similar to that in the surrounding environment and the whole area is generally dry with high temperatures. Rain only occurs twice in a year in winter as moderate rain and there is deep snow. In the summer, t he rain brings monsoon thunderstorms caused by the extreme high temperatures. The average rainfall for the south is les than 35cms while the snow reaches 132 cm. In the higher northern end, rainfall is less than 59cm and the snow averages 317 cm. The shallower northern rim however rarely snows and the rain is low averaging 17.6 cm. Temperatures seem to vary in the Grand Canyon extensively from -17C during the winter seasons to highs of around 38C during the summer. These extreme conditions make the area potentially unwelcoming to visitors who at times call off their hikes before time due to hypothermia during winter and dehydration and sunburns during the summer season. The weather is generally unpredictable and even in the vent of getting accurate predictions the weather forecast is still unreliable for this region (Price, 1999).The area has been economically uplifted due to the value of the Grand Canyon as a unique, natural tourist attraction. The Grand Canyon National Park is one of the premier natural attractions all over the world receiving more than five million tourists every year. Most of these tourists are domestic with more than 80% coming from the different states in the United States and more than 12% coming from the neighboring California. Some of the tourists come from other foreign nations like United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada, Japan and Netherlands. Most of the tourists visiting the area view it as a travel expedition because of the location of the Grand Canyon. Most of them come for sightseeing but there are also additional activities which they can engage in the area. Hiking along the Grand Canyon and running are also favorites among the tourists who visit the area. The tourists are however cautioned against running and hiking too much due to the steep rocks and the danger of heat exhaustion (Annerino, 2006). They are advised to spend the night in the specially established camping grounds and take up the hikes or run the following day so a s to allow the body to recover from the physical exertion. Due to the varying weather conditions, not all these camping grounds are accessible throughout the year. The camping grounds that have been established along the higher northern end are generally inaccessible due to road closures as a result of poor weather conditions. Tourists who can afford it also have the option of viewing the Grand Canyon through privately chartered planes and helicopters. They can only view the Grand Canyon from far due to the plane accidents in 1990.Some helicopters may however choose to land on the less restricted India reservations that fall within the Canyon (Annerino, 2006).More than six hundred people have died since the Grand Canyon became a tourist attraction. Many hikers have overestimated their physical capabilities and ended up being involved in fatal accidents, health complications including hypothermia, heart attacks, and dehydration. Other deaths result from plain collisions within the canyon and over zealous photographers. There are other fatalities that have resulted from lighting, flash floods, drowning and rock falls (Bauer Wallace, 2008).There are many communities living within the canyon. They are under the constant threats of flash flooding and temperature extremities. In August, 2008 the government had to evacuate tourists and residents of Supai which is a residential town at the foot of the Grand Canyon, as a result of heavy rainfall. Residents had to be evacuated due to a break in the Redland dam which is constructed upstream of the town (Price, 1999). Native Americans communities have been living in the Grand Canyon and in the environs that are now part of the Grand Canyon Reserve, for more than four thousand years. The Anasazi, the Cohonina and the Puebleoans cultures in the Native American communities were shaped as basket makers in the desert cultures that constituted a group of Native Americans. It was only after migrating and adapting less nomadic trends that they became dependent on agriculture as their main socio economic activity. Other cultures also settled in the Grand Canyon but archaeologists predict that climatic changes and the 13th century drought triggered their migration to other places and triggered a change in their cultures. Later the Paiutes, the Cerbat and the Navajo or Dine cultures settled extensively in the Grand Canyon but were forced in to reservations in 1882 due to the Indian wars. They were restricted in reservations within the Canyon by the US government after the declaration of Independence and are still in the region. The Havasupai and Hualapai, who are Native Americans that still occupy the region, are descendants of the Cerbat cultures (Bauer Wallace, 2008).In the late 19th century a geologist team discovered the potential of the region in terms of the unexploited mineral resources that constituted copper and asbestos. Many of the current settl...

Family Social Control - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Question: 1 Family structure and interaction assume cardinal functions in the social control theories and delinquency. However, myriad factors are assimilated with family configuration and criminal behavior and consequently folks relations and felony. Akers R.L. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Family Social Control" essay for you Create order (1998).Family interface dynamics include; management and control, character prop up, compassionate and dependence cherished communiquà ©, influential communication, parental condemnation of peers and variance, these factors have the equivalent upshots on crime in both-parents. Akers R.L. (1998). Paucity or stumpy proceed echelon is a prime factor that puts more emphasis as a primary illustration for criminal traits. Research findings have shown that scarcity is the genesis to most unsociable performances. Akers R.L. (1998). In the regard to the family constitution, dealings by particular family members influence the functional dimensions of others. According to research findings a members initiative about the well being of other member of the family presents with each other an element of safety in opposition to catastrophes, thus, extend beyond acquaintances. Akers R.L. (1998). Whereas a pattern of asymmetric consideration is evident between parents and children; thus paren ts value meaning incorporate the childrens expenditure as well their own, the childs convenience utility is purely centered on the childs using up. This structure leads to an off the wall child philosophy, thus if the parent is adequately compassionate in the direction of his or her child, both the parent and the child are comfortable. This finding supports the proposal that self-sacrifice benefits two parties (the addressee as well as the bringer). Akers, R.L. (1989). Family unit is an integral aspect for the development of children. In the event that interaction between parent and child vanishes through a divorce, the absence of one parent i.e. the father may upshot in the parents goodwill for the child to cry off from what would be if not. If the cry off is adequate, the child acknowledges the repercussion and advance to a more selfish verdict and both the parents and the child stand to loose. The rationale here underscores the fact that augmented philanthropy promotes good actions even on the part of a egoistically aggravated child while curtailed or deprived of selflessness enhances poor behavior. Akers, R.L. (1989). Question 2 When children become naughty, parents have been viewed as the line of control. Nonetheless, antagonism and resistance in children has been inspected as the lack of obedience. On the extreme hand, heavy-handed parenthood has witnessed the production of belligerent insubordinate and unfriendliness offspring. Research findings support the argument that poor parenting is a concrete impetus that has brought about the development of delinquent childrens. According to the social hypothesis, the connection progression, Baumrinds constituents of precious parenting and typologies that contents the most profound parenting is the convincing of parents and reaction and demandingness. Based on the self control theory, if a child fails to develop self control by the age of 10 years they often dont acquire it. Akers, R.L. (1989). Question 3 Akers social learning theory is a cluster of the learning point of view of criminology that has been influenced by chronological collective and opinionated circumstances. Akers theory is mostly applied to characters within a certain group from which the underpinning is due; these include a bunch of criminals, peer stratums or communal stratums. Smoking within the puberty age bracket is one of the deviant traits that Ronald Aker (1985) debate about. The social erudition theory digs out concrete facts as to why puberty enhances the smoking habits but is not in a position to explain the genesis of the behavior. Ronald Aker (1989) successive study of alcohol features among the aged illustrate the fact that mature drinking and puberty drinking tag along similar conduits of customs and group performance. Question 4 The control theory unlike the learning theory is centered on issues that appertain to why persons kowtow in a given society (Hirschi 1969). The social control theory presumes that fastidious persons are mingled fittingly in a civilization, while others are not; conversely, the discrepancy is brought about by how persons socialize not to break the law. According to the Social Learning theory, conventionality is affiliated to the attachments structured by children that help to reroute them from nonstandard manners. These unions incorporate affection, participation and the principle system. In a nut shell this amalgamation maintains the puberty and a section of the wider society concerned. Inadequate socialization exhibited by a child in form of weakened links of caucus is known as broken bond theory. Nonetheless, failed to bond theory is another twist of the social control theory that depicts an outright lack of attachment to others and to compliance that leads to character devian ce. Akers, R.L. (1989). Question 5 Respondent learning is typically a behavioral type of learning. Persons as well as animals conditioned this way dont learn consciously the association flanked by stimuli and responses, but, since the pairings happen repeatedly, the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response unconsciously. In most cases, the rejoinders are not automated; however distinctive results do induce the animals or humans to repeat the behavior while divergent outcomes cause them not to repeat the behavior. Behavioral theorists in this case hold the view that distinct psychological disorders lead to respondent conditioning. Watsons experiment on Albert illustrated that phobias could be learnt by means of combining a neutral and a harmless stimulus with an unconditionally frightening event, hence bringing about the association of fear with a harmless stimulus. Akers, R.L. (1989). References Akers, R.L. (1989). Social Learning Theory and Puberty Cigarette Smoking cum Alcohol. 43:230-139 Akers R.L. (1998). Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of crime and Deviance. New York University Press

Case Study Looking At Lamanda, A Young, Confused And...

Grime 1 Carys Grime Professor Faber General Psychology April 21, 2015 Theory Paper Looking at Lamanda, a young, confused and troubled woman, one may find many issues that are present in her life. The psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and sociocultural perspectives of psychology each have different concepts within them that can be used to define and find the root of these issues. By looking deeper into Lamanda’s life, and applying these concepts and perspectives, a researcher can help her deduce what is causing her these problems, and understand Lamanda’s complex situation. Psychodynamic When viewing Lamanda through Freud’s perspective, one may find that fixation is playing a role in the issues she exhibits. Fixation results when part of a person’s personality is stuck at an earlier stage of development, because they were either over or under indulged at that stage. If this occurs, the individual will seek pleasure through that defined erogenous zone (Faber, Personality 3). In Lamanda’s case, she lacked progress in the phallic stage. During this stage, females may reject their mothers, and with that idea comes the assumption that Lamanda’s distant relationship with her mother is due to her rejecting her mother’s ethnicity. She admits to attempting to conceal her African American heritage, and has a tendency to take her â€Å"big problems† to her father, possibly because she subconsciously blames Grime 2 one of her biggest problems, her race, on herShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Looking At Lamanda, A Young, Confused And Troubled Woman1045 Words   |  5 PagesGrime 1 Carys Grime Professor Faber General Psychology April 21, 2015 Theory Paper Looking at Lamanda, a young, confused and troubled woman, one may find many issues that are present in her life. The psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and sociocultural perspectives of psychology each have different concepts within them that can be used to define and find the root of these issues. By looking deeper into Lamanda’s life, and applying these concepts and perspectives, a researcher Case Study Looking At Lamanda, A Young, Confused And... Grime 1 Carys Grime Professor Faber General Psychology April 21, 2015 Theory Paper Looking at Lamanda, a young, confused and troubled woman, one may find many issues that are present in her life. The psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and sociocultural perspectives of psychology each have different concepts within them that can be used to define and find the root of these issues. By looking deeper into Lamanda’s life, and applying these concepts and perspectives, a researcher can help her deduce what is causing her these problems, and understand Lamanda’s complex situation. Psychodynamic When viewing Lamanda through Freud’s perspective, one may find that fixation is playing a role in the issues she exhibits. Fixation results when part of a person’s personality is stuck at an earlier stage of development, because they were either over or under indulged at that stage. If this occurs, the individual will seek pleasure through that defined erogenous zone (Faber, Personality 3). In Lamanda’s case, she lacked progress in the phallic stage. During this stage, females may reject their mothers, and with that idea comes the assumption that Lamanda’s distant relationship with her mother is due to her rejecting her mother’s ethnicity. She admits to attempting to conceal her African American heritage, and has a tendency to take her â€Å"big problems† to her father, possibly because she subconsciously blames Grime 2 one of her biggest problems, her race, on herShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Looking At Lamanda, A Young, Confused And Troubled Woman1045 Words   |  5 PagesGrime 1 Carys Grime Professor Faber General Psychology April 21, 2015 Theory Paper Looking at Lamanda, a young, confused and troubled woman, one may find many issues that are present in her life. The psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, and sociocultural perspectives of psychology each have different concepts within them that can be used to define and find the root of these issues. By looking deeper into Lamanda’s life, and applying these concepts and perspectives, a researcher

Sonybmg Case Study free essay sample

Music group to create Sony BMW. With 46 offices all over the world, Sony BMW finds there headquarters in New York. The company aims to provide a wide variety of music through limitless distribution channels. Sony BMW caters to almost 1,000 artists in six different genres. Despite the problems Sony BMW has dealt with in the past four years, they have stayed strong in their position as the second largest recording company.They have problems with their top executives and powered through new Ideas which turned out to be some of the worst decisions. Sony BMW Is dedicated to customer satisfaction and Introducing artists Into as many markets and divisions as possible. Problems Sony and BMW executive clashing over management styles Follow the Leader mentality ; Inability to cope with Illegal downloading Advertising their artists Instead of themselves as a company SOOT Analysis (See Appendix Part A) The Music Industry The music industry is the largest art related industry in the world. The SIC code of the music industry is 3652, which is the Phonograph Records and Prerecorded Audio Tapes and Disks. Basically, it concerns the creation and selling of CDC, cassette tapes, ND now the new realm of the Internet amps (US Department of Labor, 2008). It has been around. To a lesser extent, since the sass. When musicians first began to make a living selling their music to the public (Glover, 2005) and has progressed from selling sheet music to now using the internet to pass along music. It is constantly expanding with thousands of albums being produced every year with new ways to distribute the constantly changing music. Getting into the physical industry (selling CDC) Is fairly easy, but succeeding on a global scale requires an Immense amount of luck, ability, and financial backing. The market structure, Like most established and large Industries, Is an oligopoly. There are four major music producing companies that are producing at least eighty percent of the markets music. The industry is hard to get into because of the high capital needed to produce national and even global awareness of their products.While it is possible for a small company to produce several records for their niche markets and compete with the Big Four locally, it is quite unlikely that other companies are able to compete on a global, national, or even state-wide scale against the Big Four. Another resource that Is taken up quickly by he main four companies is the human resource. The best singers and musicians are likely to be given much better contracts and promised much better exposure to their customer base by going with the Big Four. This is also a problem for gaining entrance into the industry.The four main companies in the industry are as follows: Universal Music Group owning 31. 61% of the overall music Industry market and 34. 37% of the albums market, Sony BMW owning 27. 44% of the overall music Industry market and market and 16. 85% of the albums market, and finally Thorn/Mel owning 10. 2% of the overall market and 9. 3% of the albums market (Cashmere, 2007). The largest trend in all industries around the world is the use of technology and the music industry is no different. New technologies are causing an uproar by recording companies and applause by consumers.Programs such as the infamous Anapest, Aziza, and the now prominent tunes are allowing easier distribution of single songs and whole albums at prices much less than originally believed possible when compared to albums on CDC. These new programs (tunes excluded) originally started out as free-ware: a program that is downloaded for free and doesnt require a fee for downloading songs. In 2006, through the use of programs like those and other freeware it is estimated that around five billion songs were illegally downloaded (Fishbowls, 2008) causing around sixteen billion dollars worth of damage to the economy each year ARIA, 2008) . After much litigation by recording companies, this form of illegal downloading has mostly been stopped. People are now slowly beginning to pay for their music on programs such as tunes, but the main damage has been done. Consumers have become accustomed to the easy accessibility and cheap pricing for their music. New programs such as Bitterness have become the new free way for nonusers to gather their favorite music. Bitterroot programs are starting to run rampant and now the ARIA, who represent the recording industry of America, is legally battling the websites offering the programs (ARIA, 2008).One website in question is able to evade being taken down due to Swedish laws and is even going so far as to post legal threats against them and openly mock them on their website She Pirate Bay, 2008). Common copyright laws that are broken in the US are: Burning a CD for your friend, uploading your music you bought on the internet, downloading music from illegal share programs. The ARIA has been using the full extent of the law to enforce these rules and have been slapping five year, $250,000 penalty fees on those they catch (ARIA, 2007).The main problem for the ARIA now is that they are unable to stop the servers in Sweden. Bootlegging is legal in Sweden and they cannot take down the servers in the country due to a loophole in the systems (the Bitterroot is providing the location of the file, not actually providing the file so it is legal). Looking at the generations that are currently buying/downloading music and the generations that are to come, it is easy to say that the record impasses should be concentrating on technology.Both Generation Y (Ages and Z (Ages 1-10) are the two main demographics that record companies are looking to attract. Generation Y, the current generation, is buying from record companies Nile generation Z is currently controlling their parents spending habit. Both these generations are technologically as. N. Y. Several facts found in a large survey include: 37% own computers, 94% own a cell phone, 97% have downloaded music on a peer- to-peer network (48% regularly), and 44% read blobs Noun and Mastications, 2007). Eye also represent the largest consumer base currently at 70 million people. Both, especially Generation Z, look toward the internet first when they have questions about anything and sometimes they only look toward the internet (Schmidt and Hawkins, 2008). The internet has become their guide, their knowledge, and their power. These generations have both helped the music industry to expand greatly on companies are beginning to work with tunes, Rhapsody, and other programs that require their customers to pay a fee to download songs, albeit a much cheaper fee then buying albums on CDC. They are working out promotional contracts with impasses such as Pepsi that allow customers to download songs for free when they buy Pepsi products. Also, recording companies are beginning to take advantage of other technological avenues such as selling cell phone rhinestones (Reuters, 2007). Rhinestones have been growing year after year. In 2007 the US sold 220 million rhinestones worth $550+ million (Diffracts, 2008) and European rhinestones totaled $1. 1 billion (Diffracts, 2007)! Also, new technologies have been coming out that allows converters to changing the formats of music to be able to be played on cell phones. His is one feature that Sony should definitely take advantage of. Record companies that wish to survive in the future must recognize that the internet and file-sharing programs are going to be the CD killer in the same way that the CD was the cassette killer and the cassette was the A-Track killer. By using new technology in new ways, instead of letting the new technology and illegal activities take advantage of it, the record companies will be able to stay ahead in the industry.Strategic Evaluation After analysis the team believes Sony Bums mission statement is to shape the future of recorded music by focusing on the central business of identifying, developing and racketing the best artists in every genre. (Sony BMW, 2008) Sony BMW original mission statement was quite good, but broad. The team believes the new mission statement is brief but improved, because they are focusing on customer outreach and satisfaction.The goals of Sony BMW are simply to offer the widest variety of music in as many different formats and locations as possible, commitment to security and customer ease, and a creative environment and continual growth for employees. After further researching these goals the team believes Sony BMW has set it sights at the right height. Sony BMW is involved in seven genr es ranging from RB to Christian, they are partnered with such corporations as Google, Amazon, and Namespace to spread their music globally thus hopefully increasing market share. Sony BMW is a growing company hoping to challenge its employees to be the best in the music Industry, and think outside of the box to create new innovative ideas moving them from the second largest music company to the first. These goals are attainable and can be reached. Hopefully with these goals Sony BMW will be able to develop new strategies to stay in these digital days, and procure greater customer loyalty. They ay not always be first in the area of innovation but they are fast to Join in on new trends and stay afloat with the digital age.Head of Bertelsmann Music Group, aromas Arab, believes Sony Bums core competency is discovering and developing artists, and bringing their music to audiences worldwide through a variety of products and distribution channels (Arab, 2008). This could be considered broad for company who has many competitors; with only 6 North American record labels, compared to the 21 North American labels which belong to Universal Music Group. After analysis, th e team feels Sony Bums core competency is there online music immunity. Mayfly. Mom is a prime example of this; it is revamped and re-branding of Sonnys Musicals site which presents Sony Bums artists, allowing free access to artists videos and music worldwide. Users can create lists of their favorite artists as create a place where music lovers of all ages can come together to talk about their passion, music. Sony BMW holds a few distinctive competencies which can be seen through discovering artist, developing artists, customer loyalty to developed artist, and customer responsiveness. Unfortunately, Sony BMW may have an advantage with Mayfly but they are still slow to innovate in other areas.Allowing the team to believe they have a follow the leader mentality. With decreasing CD sales Sony BMW followed n the footsteps of other music companies, trying to stay ahead of the digital age. Earlier this year they were the last record label to sell downloads without copy restriction (Lieberman, 2008). Also within the past year, Sony BMW has been trying to ensure customer responsiveness by signing into a Joint venture with Warner Music Group, Universal Music Group and Namespace to allow music to be played on Namespace Music.This allows for another solution in the digital age which will let people listen o songs and watch videos for free on the Web, in addition to selling merchandise, concert tickets, and music through downloads (Holman, 2008). Sony BMW takes pride n providing limitless entertainment choices, developing new artists, and having a rarity of genres for their customers. After analysis, the team saw Sony BMW having a clear competitive advantage through differentiation and easy access. They have a ere strong marketing strategy in which they aim at pleasing people worldwide.This also fits with their strategy of diversifying there products in terms of genres. Sony MGM has a corporate strategy in which they listen to their employees in terms of innovation and listen to what the customers have to say in terms of keeping up with the times. Sony BMW does not contradict themselves in strategies and after analysis the team believes the mission statement, goals, and objectives fit well together, as Nell as saw Sony BMW leans more on the distinctive competencies they have retained over the years other than there core competencies.Management Analysis Since the merger of Sony and Bertelsmann, the organization has struggled with the infighting between executives from both sides (Leeds, 2006). Executives have clashed on issues such as marketing and promotion strategies along with executive salaries. Since the venture, top management has been able to integrate many of Sony and Bums international business units, but the two companies American labels have continued to run as separate companies (Leeds, 2006). Sony Bums management structure is setup with a board of six directors, divided evenly between the two companies.With this inordinate setup, executives from both sides are forced to at least try to live in harmony. The two companies have developed distinct cultures for heir music units, so uniting the two has been a difficult task, one that they continue to struggle with (Leeds, 2005). Executives from both sides have remained very protective of their operations. As a result of all the internal conflict, Sony lost two of TTS most powerful executives, Michele Anthony (President) and Don lender (Chairman of the unit).The resignations of the two came as the companys new CEO Roll- Schmidt Holt was revamping the company (Leeds, 2006). In the beginning of the denture, Andrew Lack (Sony) was the organizations CEO and Roll Schmidt-Holt Bertelsmann) was chairman of the board. Conflict appeared in 2006 when retranslate did not wish to renew Lacks contract due to a series of financial setbacks, including a sharp erosion in market share in the U. S. (Leeds, 2005). Alienated some of the people reporting to him through disrespect and poor communication about corporate strategy.Howard Stringer, (Sonnys top U. S. Executive) Nas a strong supporter of Lacks position and believed that he would bring a set of fresh eyes to the company and be able to tackle the companys structural problems Leeds, 2005). Clearly there are conflicting views here between the two sides. The last trawl for Bertelsmann occurred when the ventures chief operating officer and Bertelsmann senior executive, announced he would be leaving at the end of the [ear, upsetting the balance of power on the board of directors (Fanner, 2005). In an attempt to settle the issue of Smellier leave as well as Bertelsmann disappointment in Lacks position, Sony management created a management realignment structure. In this realignment, Roll Schmidt-Holt (former Chairman of Board) was named Chief Executive Officer of Sony BMW Music Entertainment, and Andrew Lack (former CEO) became Chairman of the Board (Guesthouse, 2006). In Schmidt-Hollys new position he possesses overall management responsibility for the company and is based in New fork.Lack, is now leading the companys public policy and industry initiatives, and handles operating responsibility and oversight for the theatrical film business of Sony BMW and is also based in New York (Guesthouse, 2006). This was a good strategy for Sony BMW management in that it enabled an executive from Bertelsmann side to possess more power, as well as eliminated Lack from the controversial position of CEO. This shows that Sony is making an effort to try to balance the power between tooth sid es and is trying to be as fair as possible in an attempt to make executives from Bertelsmann happy.Since this realignment structure, there have not been reports of discontent from either sides of management with the executives new positions. So, one would assume that this management realignment approach resolved the issue concerning power. As stated above, with Sony being American and Bertelsmann German, there is a significant difference within corporate cultures. When it comes to corporate culture, both Sony and Bums styles, echoes that of their corporate parents.Sony is driven such by a vision in which its various content divisions, including film and music, feeding its hardware operation that makes home electronics and vice versa, in order to propel the conglomerate (Leeds, 2004). Bertelsmann, on the other hand, tends to run its divisions, including publishing, television stations, music and direct marketing, as separate businesses (Leeds, 2004). Sony Music has maintained a centralized structure, with one unit to handle. Sonnys operation in the U. S. Is overseen by a single executive who takes a direct role in planning releases across its major labels, Columbia and Epic.BMW, however, is less centralized. It is similar to Sony in that its domestic division also reports to one executive. It differs when this executive then lets the other units run with some sort of autonomy (Leeds, 2006). Because BMW acts as a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America (Sony BMW Music, 2008) their management is going to possess the majority of the parent companys traits. This is where the two sides of management are going to clash. Nobody likes change when they are familiar with something. One would assume that this is much how executives of BMW feel.Executives of BMW need to realize that when the merger occurred, the essence of the company changed. They Ewing open minded and willing to do whatever it takes in order to better the health of their company. Sony needs to take into consideration the changes BMW executives are dealing with and also try to incorporate as much as they can from each culture. Both sides need to realize that they are not going to be able to run their company exactly the way they were used to running it in the past. They need to be sensitive to the other culture and work on compromising in some aspects in order to create better synergy within the team. Sony BMW maintains a divisional structure. It is broken down into three areas: product, market, and geographic. Sony BMW operates internationally and tries to market the products appropriately to each geographic location. The product of Sony BMW is much the same for each geographic location being the artists and music. After analysis, our team feels that this is in fact the best structure for the company because it allows the attention of managers and employees to be focused on results for the product, customer, and geographical area.Because each unit focuses on its own environment it is flexible and responsive to change, and this can definitely be seen as an advantage. With the constantly changing market it is vital to have a legible structure. Each of the three units are an important part of the structure and by allowing them to be focused on separately it can improve the performance of each area. When it comes to management and employee relations, Sony management values communication between the two.This is essential in conveying management policies to employees and encouraging them to voice their opinion (Corporate Responsibility, 2008). In 2006, Sonnys CEO and President visited sites throughout Japan and the world holding meetings and providing chances for them to speak directly with employees (Corporate Responsibility, 2008). After analysis, our team feels that this can be seen as a great way to motivate employees. When Sony personnel see that their opinions matter to management it can give them a sense of worth and in turn, can motivate them to work harder and improve their on the Job performance.It is good that even though Sonnys management structure is centralized, they still take the time to collect feedback from employees. This can benefit the management team in that it can provide insight that managers may not have been able to see from their point in the corporation. Sony seeks to obtain adequately trained employees. They do so by offering various raining programs for employees of all levels, from new graduates to senior executives, suitable to each region and business (Corporate Social Responsibility, 2008).This allows the employees to get the proper training they need and, in turn, will improve their on the Job performance and aid in the operation of the company running more smoothly. Sony BMW management is nowhere near perfect, but they can be credited with taking necessary steps in order to fix SOME of the problems within the organization (I. E. Management realignment structure). The decision of both sides to merge with each other was a great strategy. Both sides of executives awe the environment changing, with the increase in piracy and saw the opportunity that this merger could provide and they took advantage of this.Schmidt-Holt said, If (Sony and BMW) stood alone, we would have to cut artist rosters and even closing maintain a broad roster of artists in the current environment (Sony, BMW Agree, 2003). Marketing Analysis The product that Sony BMW offers is recorded music. This product can be purchased by consumers in two forms which are the physical, hard copy on a CD or the digital version that can be downloaded to a computer, portable music player like an pod, or even a mobile phone. The product life cycles of these two types are currently in completely different phases.CDC are following the trends of its predecessors, vinyl records and cassettes, by entering the decline stage, with the sales of CDC dropping from 942. 5 million in 2000 to 511. 1 million in 2007. At the same time digital downloading has moved past the introduction period and well into growth with 809. 9 million singles downloaded in 2007 (ARIA, 2007). Sony BMW, which has always focused on CD sales, must now manage its strategy to account for future trends and cycles and even deal with the looming future of technical obsolescence for the compact disc.Also, these two forms exist as substitute goods for each other because consumers will decide to purchase their music in one of these ways. The most common complimentary goods would be the devices used to play music such as CD players, MPH players, and cell phones. Sony needs to rearrange its priorities in terms of the product mix. The companys strategies should be adjusted to account for the growth of digital and the decline of CDC. They should allow for the remaining loyal CD market, but focus on the future of the downloading market to come. Price has been a hot topic in the recording industry.Sony BMW likes to employ a rice skimming strategy, by charging higher prices for new releases and highly demanded artists for a short period of time and then slowly decreasing the price as demand fades. Keeping premium prices for CDC has been almost impossible for the declining product, however, with sales decreasing exponentially by the year. The company has also experienced a barrier in the digital realm, with Apples tunes store, accounting for about 70% of the paid digital-music download business, strictly selling all tracks for $0. 99 without compromise (Record Labels Need, 2007).In order to find more price flexibility, Sony has turned to Amazon. Mom where they can charge arable prices even for different songs on the same album (Lowry and Burrows, 2008. ) The big fear is that lowering prices too much will devalue the music. The change occurring in consumers seems to point to their preferring to pick and choose single tracks rather than buying an entire album. This was shown in the U. S. In 2005 En 353 million digital tracks were purchased during the year, but consumers only bought 16 million digital albums (Record Labels Need, 2007. This new trend is forcing Sony to adapt its strategy to taking a smaller portion of lower prices in order o get more from increased volume in the end. It seems that the company will always have to compromise in order to use the services of other digital music stores. Sony Bums distribution strategy directly lines up with its previously mentioned mission and goals of delivering a wide variety of music in as many different formats and locations as possible. The company tries to take its wide variety of music and put it in the ears of consumers in any way that it can.Sony Bums strategy is to be more of a music entertainment company than Just an ordinary record company. Although t is a big part of it, this strategy moves beyond the traditional channels of retail In the emerging mobile phone market, Sony is the only record company to have de als Ninth all 5 mobile phone companies (Tallboy, 2005). Recent activities show Sony distributing its music on the internet through collaborations with Namespace, which has 120 million users (Grover, 2008), as well as others such as Google, Youth, Yahoo Video-on-Demand, Meme, and Amazon.Sony has also worked through various other Channels for instance reality TV shows like X Factor, Guitar Hero, and Stardom Hotels and Resorts to sell and distribute its artists music (synonym. Mom). Although it is great that the company utilizes many different sources, it does not seem like the strategy is focused enough to reach the full potential these outlets have to offer. The promotion strategy of Sony BMW also follows the mission of variety in format and locations. The company uses more of a pull strategy to create demand with added direct exposure among the consumers.In order to do this, the Strategic Marketing Group of Sony has staged many promotional events and Joined with a number other companies for cooperative advertising campaigns. One example was the release of Michael Jacksons Thriller 25 year anniversary. They arranged to have dancers perform the Thriller zombie dance in public areas all over the world, and these performances were posted on Youth. The videos resulted in 1. 5 million downloads on the site where a promotion for the album was viewed over 600,000 times leading to the success of the release (Hill, 2008).Companies that have helped market Sony BMW artists include Hershey, Proctor and Gamble, Victoria Secret, Exxon Mobile, Namespace, Stardom Hotels, and many more (Sony BMW, 2008). One of the most recent marketing initiatives taken by Sony BMW is that partnership with Moses, an Interactive mobile service. Sony utilizes artist interaction with fans for direct marketing through a multitude of ways from texts, e-mails, blobs, voice messages, performances and personal meetings (Sony BMW, 2008). While Sonnys promotional strategy is also not very cohesive, recent actions have shown some great advancement.This is one of the areas where it seems Sony is staying current and using the technology to meet with modern consumers on their ground. Production Analysis ere purpose of a music company like Sony BMW is to sign artists in return for royalties on units sold, which generally run between 12 to 16 percent of net revenues Music Industry). The production of music is complex and pricey for a music company. The company bears the cost of recording and producing the music, pressing the CDC, marketing, and distribution. Production costs for a particular album are around $125,000, but can easily reach $1 million (Music Industry).The importance stressed on producing music videos only increases the production costs of Sony BMW and similar music companies. Video production commonly ranges from $100,000 to $250,000. When adding in the marketing expenses that range anywhere from $100,000 to $500,000, a single album can cost a music company $350,000 to upwards of $2 million (Music Industry). The aspects of production costs are unique for each artist. Two million dollars may not be a major risk for a well established artist. However, Sony BMW will always have the danger of taking a loss on a new artist. The costs of production are similar for all the major music producers.Therefore, the costs are not of any real concern. Sony BMW is made up of 22 are the five most notable ones. Since Sony BMW holds the second highest market share in the music industry, there are many major artists represented by them. Currently five Sony BMW artists are in the top ten in both the Billboard 200 and the Billboard Top 100 (Billboard. Com, 2008). The Billboard 200 ranks top albums while the Billboards Top 100 concerns single titles. Jennifer Hudson, T. L. , Pink, T-Pain, and Christina Agiler are some of those top artists signed by Sony BMW. The success of these artists is a great thing for the company.Not only are they profiting financially through these individuals, Sony BMW is also being recognized more and more as a top player in the music industry. Quality is an extremely important aspect of production. On a continuing basis, Sony introduces new product quality improvement measures into all processes. Recently, there have been two major assure stressed. First, Sony has assured senior management oversight on improving product and service quality and safety (Product, 2008). This is a great and needed addition. Now, senior managements opinions and experience can be utilized more.This assurance has added another level to the checks and balances system of Sony. Second, the company now holds regular Quality Strategy Meetings attended by Sonnys president and top management from each business group. These meetings serve as a platform to discuss and set policies, strategies, and key measures relating to product quality. Quality is a major aspect of Sonnys products and services. The Quality Strategy Meetings illustrate how valued quality truly is to Sony. With the president and managers from every department within the company present, quality issues can be discussed and actions taken.The importance and attention paid to environmental issues has recently increased dramatically. To encourage consumers to recycle and dispose of electronic devices in an environmentally sound manner, Sony has established a national recycling program for consumer electronics. The Sony Take Back Recycling Program allows consumers to recycle all Sony-branded products for no fee. This is the first national recycling Initiative in the U. S. O involve both a major electronics manufacturer and a national Nasty management company (Earthman, 2007). The Sony Take Back Program is part of Sonnys broader global commitment to environmental stewardship, which spans product design, recycling, facilities management and energy conservation across all categories (Earthman, 2007). This recycling program illustrates the importance Sony places on its social responsibility. It is an excellent program that will help not only the company, but the world as well. Financial Analysis (See Appendix Part E for Financial Statements) To fund requirements from business strategy, Sony utilizes cash flow from operations and cash and cash equivalents.If needed, funds from the financial and capital markets can be obtained. In order to sustain the liquidity needed, Sony has ample lines of credit. Sonnys policy is to maintain a level in the cash balance to cover their working capital needs. If there is a shortage in the cash balance that is deemed short-term, Sony relies on the issuance of commercial paper. Internal controls are in place to monitor outstanding commercial paper to ensure that Sony does not exceed short-term debt limits, putting the company at risk (2007 Sony Annual Report). Sonnys et working capital increased *425,575 in 2007.Accounts Receivable, Inventories, Liabilities resulted in the increase of working capital (2007 Sony Annual Report). The current ratio demonstrated that for every in liabilities, Sony has *1. 28 in assets. The quick ratio is 1. 02 with little change because Sony maintains low inventory levels (2007 Sony Annual Report). Warders current ratio is 1. 02 (2007 Manner Annual Report) and Universals is . 71 (2007 Veined Annual Report) and their quick ratio is . 85 and . 68 respectively. This indicates that Sonnys ratios are above the average of their major competitors. The current ratio is important to short-term creditors because it indicates that Sony can meet short-term borrowing and repayment requirements. To Sony, a high current ratio indicates liquidity, but it could also mean an inefficient use of cash and other current assets. Please see Appendix E for Balance Sheet. The common size income statement shows that the cost of sales percentage is . 71 for every of sales (2007 Sony Annual Report). Sonnys competitors, Warner and Universal are at . 59 (2007 Warner Annual Report) and . 46 respectively (2007 Veined Annual Report). Please see Appendix E for the income statement.Sony competes in an intensely competitive environment, where technology changes rapidly, so cost control is vitally important to the sustainability of the company. Sonnys music business is dependent on developing new artists and the cost associated with their development has experienced significant increases. Sony invests in these new artists Ninth the hope that they will generate a return large enough to cover the cost that is required for their development. This rarely happens. Throughout the music Industry, the cost to develop a new artist can range from $350,000 to $2 million (Hill, 004).